Rare Plants Protected in the Ceahlau National Park

No.

 Scientific Name Popular Name

Category of vulnerability

1

 Abies alba European silver fir

V

2

 Achillea schurii

V, carpathian endemic

3

 Aconitum moldavicum Monkshood

V, endemite

4

 Allium victorialis victory onion

V, glacial relic

5

 Alopecurus pratensis meadow foxtail

V

6

 Aquilegia nigricans ssp. subscaposa Bulgarian columbine

V, romanian endemic

7

 Andromeda polifolia bog-rosemary

V,glacial relic

8

 Angelica archangelica Holy Ghost

V

9

 Arabis alpina

V

10

 Astragalus pseudopurpureus

V

11

 Astragalus roemeri

V

12

 Campanula rotundifolia ssp polymorpha harebell

V, carpathian endemic

13

 Campanula carpathica harebell

V, endemic

14

 Cardamine glanduligera

V, endemic

15

 Carex elongata

V

16

 Carex sempervirens

V

17

 Centaurea micranthos

V

18

 Centaurea carpathica

V, endemic in Romanian Carpathians

19

 Centaurea triumfetti ssp. pinnatifida

V, endemism

20

 Cerastium transsilvanicum

V, endemic in the East and South Carpathians

21

 Cypripedium calceolus Lady’s-slipper orchid

E

22

 Dianthus collinus ssp. glabriusculus

V

23

 Dianthus spiculifolius

V, carpathian endemic

24

 Draba haynaldii

V, endemic in the East and South Carpathians

25

 Drosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundew

V, tertiary relic

26

 Dryas octopetala

V, teritary relic

27

 Eritrichium nanum

V

28

 Eritrichium nanum ssp. jankae

V, carpathian endemic

29

 Empetrum nigrum black crowberry

V, relic

30

 Erysimum wittmanni

V, carpathian endemic

31

 Erysimum wittmanni ssp.transsilvanicum

V, carpathian endemic

32

 Eryophorum vaginatum

V, tertiary relic

33

 Festuca versicolor

V

34

 Filipendula hexapetala dropwort

V

35

 Gentiana lutea Yellow gentian

V

36

 Gentiana phlogifolia gentian

V

37

 Geranium silvaticum wood cranesbill

V

38

 Gypsophila petraea

V

39

 Helloborus purpurascens

V

40

 Hepatica transsilvanica liverwort

V, endemic in the East and South Carpathians

41

 Hieracium pseudobifidum

V, endemic

42

 Hieracium transslvanicum

V

43

 Juniperus sabina savin juniper

V

44

 Koelerica macrantha prairie Junegrass

V

45

 Larix decidua ssp. carpathica European larch

V

46

 Leontopodium alpinum Edelweiss

E

47

 Melanpyrum saxosum

V, tertiary relic

48

 Nigritella rubra

E

49

 Onobrychis montana ssp. transsilvanica

V, endemic

50

 Pedicularis baumgarteni

V, endemic in the Romanian Carpathians

51

 Pinguicula alpina alpine butterwort

V

52

 Poa alpina alpine bluegrass

V

53

 Potentilla argentea Silver Cinquefoil

V

54

 Primula leucophylla

V, carpathian endemic

55

 Pulsatilla montana

V

56

 Ranunculus carpathicus Buttercup

V, carpathian endemic

57

 Rhinanthus alpinus

V

58

 Phyteuma tetramerum

V, carpathian endemic

59

 Saxifraga aiozoon

V

60

 Sesleria coerulans

V, tertiary relic

61

 Silene dubia

V, carpathian endemic

62

 Silene zawadzkii

V

63

 Symphytum cordatum

V, carpatian endemic

64

 Taxus baccata English yew

V, tertiary relic

65

 Trisetum macrothrichum

V, carpatian endemic

66

 Trollius europaeus

V

67

 Viola alpina

V, tertiary relic

68

 Viola biflora

V, tertiary relic

69

 Viola jooi

V, tertiary relic
V – vulnerable species. Species that risk becoming endangered if the agents that threaten their survival and reproduction persit.

E – endangered species. Species characterised by a population that is in danger of disappearing whether from small numnbers of modification in environment parameters.

Tertiary – gelologic period dating back 23 million years and ending 5.3 million years ago. Characterised by warm climate and subtropical forests with deciduous trees, which were widely spread on Earth. 5.3 million years ago was when the Pleistocene Era began, a geological period characterized by cooling on a global scale and the presence of glaciations. There are centres (refuges with a warmer micro climate) where vegetation typical to the tertiary period has survived: south-western USA and China. One such centre existed in Europe, but for a short while, before being destroyed by the glaciations.

Tertiary Relic – plants characteristic to the warm, subtropical climate that have survived the glaciations in certain places; ex. Nymphaea lotus var. hermalis – present in Petea Lake, also known as Water Lilly Lake, which has a constant temperature of 30-31 degrees Celcius.

Glatiations – accentuated cooling of climate, corellated with the advance of glaciers towards the south in the nothern hemisphere, which have a repetitive trait. The most recent glaciations happened in the Pleistocene Era, which began 5.3 million years ago and lasted until approximately 10.000 years ago, when the most recent glaciation ended.

Glacial Relics: plants that prefer a colder climate than the temperate one found in our country, being common to areas that present northern vegetation. During glaciations, northern type vegetation spread southwards with the cooling of the climate and also covered our territory. At the end of the las glaciation, when the climate warmed, this type of vegetation began to disappear. Some species, however, have survived, but only in small places that remained cooler – ex. Mountain peaks, valleys in the mountain.